View our latest news
Preview build: includes budgets still in reviewPreview build
Aerial view of Lake Tefé in the Brazilian Amazon, with low-water channels and exposed sandbanks under a dark shelf cloud bringing the first rains after the 2024 drought
Global Carbon Project
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement
THRAC3E
CALIPSO
Future Earth
Carbon Monitor

Low latency Global Carbon Budget, July 2024–June 2025

Photo: Gpgeo, CC BY-SA 4.0

This edition covers July 2024 to June 2025, the year after the 2023/24 El Niño. It was published online in Advanced Science on 1 September 2026. The CO2 growth rate was 2.62 ± 0.08 ppm yr−1, down from 3.66 ppm yr−1 during the El Niño but 6.5% above the 2013–2022 July-to-June mean. Combining bottom-up and top-down estimates, the net land sink was 1.06 ± 0.40 GtC yr−1. This was stronger than in 2023/24 but 0.49 GtC yr−1 weaker than the 2015–2022 mean, mostly because of losses in late 2024. Whether the land had recovered by early 2025 depends on the method. Ocean uptake shows no global weakening.

Maps of net land and ocean CO2 flux anomalies for January–March and April–June 2025, from DGVMs and OCO-2 inversions
Net land and ocean CO2 flux anomalies for January–March (JFM) and April–June (AMJ) 2025, relative to the 2015–2022 average: mean of three DGVMs (left) and of four OCO-2 inversions (right). Positive values mean more CO2 taken up by the land (green) or the ocean (blue). Figure 3 in Ke, P., Ciais, P., Yao, Y., et al. (2026), Advanced Science, e77369. CC BY 4.0.

Key results

Publication

Ke, P., Ciais, P., Yao, Y., Sitch, S., Li, W., Du, X., et al. (2026). Low Latency Global Carbon Budget Reveals Late 2024 Carbon Losses and Contrasting Early 2025 Land Sink Recovery Signals. Advanced Science, e77369. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.77369

Figures

FAQs

Data

Datasets

Key numbers as published [csv]

View the 2025 budget

View the 2024 budget

View the 2023–24 budget

View the 2023 budget